Russia’s track and field athletes may not be able to compete at the Rio Olympics after their federation was suspended from international competition as punishment for a widespread and state-sanctioned doping program.

The International Association of Athletic Federation voted 22-1 to suspend the Russian federation during an emergency meeting Friday night, four days after Russia’s extensive doping was detailed in a report by a World Anti-Doping Agency commission. The WADA commission had called for Russia’s track federation to be banned, saying there was a “deeply rooted culture of cheating.”

It’s the first time the IAAF has banned a country for doping, but president Sebastian Coe said there was no other choice.

“We discussed and agreed that the whole system has failed the athletes, not just in Russia, but around the world,” Coe said in a statement. “This has been a shameful wake up call and we are clear that cheating at any level will not be tolerated.”

The suspension takes effect immediately, meaning Russian athletes won’t be able to compete in any international events until the IAAF is satisfied the country has cleaned up its tainted drug program and is fully compliant with the WADA code. With only nine months until Rio, some have questioned whether the Russians will have enough time to make the changes necessary for their athletes to be allowed to compete at the Olympics. 

The suspension only applies to Russia’s track and field athletes. Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko has already promised that the rest of the Russian team won’t boycott the Rio Games in protest of the IAAF’s decision.

The IAAF also said Russia would no longer be allowed to host the 2016 World Race Walking Cup or the 2016 World Junior Championships.

In an 11-month review, the WADA commission found Russia had interfered with testing, destroyed samples and covered up positive tests. Athletes were able to bribe employees of Russia’s anti-doping agency to ignore evidence of performance-enhancing drug use, while some officials extorted athletes in exchange for their silence.

The commission also found that the head of Moscow’s anti-doping lab, Grigory Rodchenkov, destroyed more than 1,400 samples after WADA had asked for them. It also found evidence that members of Russia’s security agency infiltrated the drug-testing lab at the Sochi Olympics.

The Moscow lab has since been suspended by WADA, and Rodchenkov has resigned.

Russia initially rejected the WADA commission report, claiming it was biased and there wasn’t evidence to support the findings. But it softened in hopes of avoiding suspension, agreeing to admit to some of the findings.

In addition to Rodchenkov’s resignation, Mutko indicated Russia would be open to creating a new anti-doping agency. Valentin Balakhnichev, who was president of the track federation for more than 20 years until stepping down in February, was asked to resign from the Russian Olympic Committtee’s executive board.

But given the scope of the scandal, the IAAF rejected Russia’s efforts.